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目的分析甘肃省定西市麻疹流行病学特征,并探讨消除麻疹的有效措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析中国疾病监测信息报告系统和麻疹专用/单病监测信息报告管理系统中,2004—2015年定西市报告的麻疹发病数据。结果 2004—2015年定西市共报告麻疹病例652例、年均发病率1.84/10万,死亡1例,病死率0.15%;2005年发病率最高(9.24/10万),2013年最低(0.04/10万),各年度发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 158.39,P<0.05),总体呈降低趋势(趋势χ~2=146.18,P<0.05);发病有明显的季节性,4—5月发病较多、占46.93%;安定区报告病例最多,其次为岷县,各县(区)发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=234.80,P<0.05);以散居儿童最多、占45.86%,男性发病高于女性(χ~2=4.78,P<0.05);年龄集中在0岁~组、占22.09%,且主要分布在8月龄以下,15岁~组发病也较多、占25.15%。结论 2004—2015年定西市麻疹发病总体呈下降趋势,呈现出发病率高、病死率低、年龄两级分化和发病月份较冬春季节有后移现象等特征,目前采取的消除措施有效,但应关注重点地区,为更多人群接种含麻疹类疫苗,建立稳固的免疫屏障是预防麻疹的重要措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Dingxi City, Gansu Province and to explore effective measures to eliminate measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles incidence in Dingxi City of China from 2004 to 2015 in China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System and Measles Specific / Single Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System. Results A total of 652 cases of measles were reported in Dingxi City from 2004 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 1.84 / lakh and 1 case of death, with a case fatality rate of 0.15%. The highest incidence was 9.24 / lakh in 2005 and 0.04 / (Χ ~ 2 = 146.18, P <0.05). The incidence was obviously seasonal (χ ~ 2 = 146.18, P <0.05) The incidence was more in April-May, accounting for 46.93%; the most reported cases were in stable area, followed by Minxian County, and the incidences in all counties (districts) were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 234.80, P <0.05) (45.86%). The incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ ~ 2 = 4.78, P <0.05). The age ranged from 0 to 22.9% and mainly distributed below 8 months of age. More, accounting for 25.15%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Dingxi City from 2004 to 2015 shows an overall downward trend, showing the characteristics of high morbidity, low case fatality rate, two-stage age differentiation and postmortem over the onset of spring and winter months. Currently, the elimination measures are effective but Should focus on key areas, for more populations vaccinated with measles, the establishment of a solid immune barrier is an important measure to prevent measles.