基于空隙量守恒的覆岩裂隙带发育高度模型

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预测与控制矿体开采覆岩裂隙带发育高度,是沉积型层系矿体上行开采与保水开采的关键.基于空隙量守恒理论,分析了上覆岩层随采动空隙扩散的岩移规律,以矿体采高、覆岩碎胀系数、裂隙带残余空隙率、顶板垮落和放顶高度为主控因素,建立了预测覆岩裂隙带发育高度的裂隙拱模型H1=f(H,k,ε1,h).结合山西某煤下铝土矿采区上行开采的技术条件与采矿方案,开展了相似模拟试验,分析了覆岩空隙扩散规律.同时,在煤下铝土矿开采裂隙带高度模型的基础上,分析了采高、放顶高度与裂隙带高度之间的关系,提出了确定煤下铝土矿采高与放顶高度的方法.通过数值模拟和“三带”理论验证了基于空隙率守恒的裂隙带高度预测模型的有效性和煤下铝土矿开采技术方案的可行性.本文提出的覆岩裂隙带高度模型为预测裂隙带高度与制定覆岩移动控制方案提供了新方法和有益借鉴.
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