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随着X射线相衬成像技术的发展,适用于临床诊断的X射线光栅相衬成像成为当下一个研究热点。该成像技术可用于常规X光源,并同时获得衰减、相衬及暗场三种图像,具有比传统衰减成像更高的对比度和空间分辨率。本文简要介绍了X射线光栅相衬成像的基本原理,总结了基于该成像过程的乳腺癌诊断技术的发展现状,以及它在微钙化、浸润性癌等乳腺癌症状方面的应用研究进展。相关的可行性验证实验也在本文中加以了详细的介绍。但是该技术在临床应用上仍然面临图像噪声大、辐射剂量高和装备精度要求高等局限。目前,许多研究机构及公司均致力于克服这一点,以开发出用于临床的基于光栅成像技术的新型乳腺机,为乳腺癌乃至更多疾病的治疗带来新的变革和进步。
With the development of X-ray phase contrast imaging technology, X-ray grating phase contrast imaging suitable for clinical diagnosis has become a hot research topic nowadays. The imaging technology can be used for conventional X-ray source, and at the same time obtain three images of attenuation, phase contrast and dark field, with higher contrast and spatial resolution than traditional attenuation imaging. This paper briefly introduces the basic principle of X-ray grating phase contrast imaging and summarizes the development of breast cancer diagnosis based on the imaging process and its application in breast cancer such as micro-calcification and invasive cancer. Relevant feasibility verification experiments are also described in detail in this article. However, the technology still faces the limitations of high image noise, high radiation dose and high equipment accuracy in clinical application. At present, many research institutes and companies are dedicated to overcome this problem by developing a new type of breast machine based on grating imaging technology for clinical applications, bringing new changes and improvements to the treatment of breast cancer and even more diseases.