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目的探索不同膳食模式与骨质疏松的关系。方法随机抽取哈尔滨市绝经期妇女282人,采用食物频率调查表(FFQ)进行膳食调查,同时进行骨密度检测,用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与骨质疏松症的关系。结果通过因子分析得到4种膳食模式,即以家禽类、加工肉制品、红肉类为主肉类膳食模式,以深色蔬菜、浅色蔬菜、薯类为主蔬菜膳食模式,以奶制品、甜饮料、水果为主牛奶膳食模式,以粥、粗杂粮、米饭、面粉类食物为主的主食膳食模式;在多因素logistic回归中,调整了年龄、初潮年龄及体质指数(BMI)等因素后,发现牛奶膳食模式对骨质疏松症起保护作用,最高四分位数相对于最低四分位数的OR值为0.311(95%CI=0.115~0.838)。结论绝经期妇女的膳食模式可分为肉类模式、蔬菜模式、牛奶模式和主食模式,膳食模式与骨质疏松密切相关。
Objective To explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and osteoporosis. Methods A total of 282 postmenopausal women in Harbin were randomly selected. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary surveys. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the same time. The dietary patterns were analyzed by factor analysis and the relationship between different dietary patterns and osteoporosis was analyzed. Results Four kinds of dietary patterns were obtained through factor analysis, that is, the dietary patterns of poultry, processed meat products and red meat as the main meat, dark vegetables, light vegetables and potato as the main vegetable dietary patterns. The dairy products, Sweet drink and fruit-based milk diet, and the dietary patterns of staple foods including porridge, coarse cereals, rice and flour-based foods. In the multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for age, menarche age and body mass index (BMI) Found that the milk diet mode had a protective effect on osteoporosis. The OR of the highest quartile to the lowest quartile was 0.311 (95% CI = 0.115-0.838). Conclusion The dietary patterns of postmenopausal women can be divided into meat model, vegetable model, milk model and staple food model. The dietary model is closely related to osteoporosis.