论文部分内容阅读
目的了解天津市公共场所从业人员及当地居民乙型肝炎(乙肝)预防知识知晓和乙肝疫苗接种以及既往危险行为的发生情况。方法 2013年,按照经济地理因素将天津分为3个区域,每个区域内再用随机抽签法抽取1个区县,对选定区县内居委会和相关公共场所按顺序编号,用随机数字法抽取调查场所进行整群调查。要求调查从业人群和居民的样本量均不少于443人;现场问卷调查其基本情况、乙肝知晓、疫苗接种和既往危险行为的发生情况等。结果美发、美容美体和洗浴足疗的从业人员对乙肝预防知识的知晓率分别为35.42%(944/2 665)、53.48%(1 168/2 184)和38.10%(629/1 651),居民为39.15%(2 942/7 515)。3个行业从业人员的乙肝疫苗接种率分别为51.22%(105/205)、47.02%(79/168)、48.82%(62/127),居民为38.12%(191/501)。居民和公共场所从业人员小学教育程度乙肝预防知识知晓评分分别为(35.45±32.42)分和(35.00±28.65)分,本科及以上分别为(49.08±20.19)分和(49.33±20.59)分。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度与乙肝知识知晓情况评分OR(95%CI)分别为1.363(1.128~1.646),1.860(1.412~2.451),均P<0.01。与公共场所从业人群比较,居民既往私人场所修脚、针刺针灸、纹身、纹眼线、穿耳洞、刮面、口腔处理等危险行为的比例差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论公共场所从业人员及居民对乙肝预防知识的知晓率均较低,年轻居民乙肝疫苗接种率高于公共场所从业对应人群,这是近年来乙肝疫苗接种政策良好实施及宣传提升居民意识的表现;同时良好的教育程度是知晓率较高的促进因素,而人群仍存在感染血源性传染病的危险行为。
Objective To understand the knowledge of prevention of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis B vaccination among practitioners and local residents in public places in Tianjin and the occurrence of past dangerous behaviors. Methods In 2013, according to the economic and geographical factors, Tianjin was divided into three regions, and each region was randomly selected to draw a district and county. The neighborhoods and public places in the selected districts were numbered in sequence, and the random number method Survey sites surveyed. The sample size of surveyed practitioners and residents is required to be no less than 443 persons. The questionnaire survey is conducted on the basis of field survey, hepatitis B awareness, vaccination and the occurrence of past dangerous behaviors. Results The rates of awareness of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among the workers who took part in hairdressing, beauty and body care and bathing were 35.42% (944/2 665), 53.48% (1 168/2 184) and 38.10% (629/1 651), respectively 39.15% (2 942/7 515). The vaccination rates of hepatitis B vaccines in three industries were 51.22% (105/205), 47.02% (79/168), 48.82% (62/127) and 38.12% (191/501), respectively. Residents and public places practitioners primary education level of awareness of hepatitis B prevention score was (35.45 ± 32.42) points and (35.00 ± 28.65) points, undergraduate and above were (49.08 ± 20.19) points and (49.33 ± 20.59) points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the scores of educational attainment and knowledge of hepatitis B were 95% CI 1.363 (1.128-1.646) and 1.860 (1.412-2.451) respectively, both P <0.01. Compared with those in public places, there were significant differences in proportions of pedicure, acupuncture, tattoo, eyeliner, ear piercing, scraping the face and oral treatment in residents’ private places (all P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among practitioners and residents in public places is low, and the rate of hepatitis B vaccination among young residents is higher than that in public places. This is a manifestation of the good implementation of hepatitis B vaccination policies and promotion of residents’ awareness in recent years. At the same time, a good education level is a contributing factor to the higher awareness rate, while people still have dangerous behavior of being infected with blood-borne diseases.