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亚里士多德在其《诗学》及《修辞学》两部著作中开创了人类历史上的隐喻研究。在随后两千多年的历史中,隐喻研究经历了它的古典主义阶段(替代理论及比较理论)、浪漫主义阶段(理象理论)以及现代主义阶段(作用理论)。这三个阶段理论的共同特点是将隐喻仅仅当成一种语言现象。我们不妨将它们统称为语言隐喻理论。它们构成了隐喻研究的传统。 许多当代的隐喻研究(如语用学中的一些隐喻研究)在根本上依然遵循着传统的路线,它们实际上不过是传统研究的一种当代形式,我们仍然将它们归入语言隐喻理论之中。
Aristotle started the study of metaphor in human history in his two books Poetics and Rhetoric. In the following two thousand years of history, metaphor research has gone through its stages of classicalism (alternative theory and comparative theory), romanticism (theory of reason) and modernism (role theory). The common feature of these three stages of theory is that metaphor is treated as a linguistic phenomenon. We might as well refer to them as language metaphor theory. They constitute the tradition of metaphorical research. Many contemporary metaphorical studies (such as some metaphorical studies in pragmatics) are fundamentally still following the traditional line, they are actually just a contemporary form of traditional research, and we still refer to them as linguistic metaphorical theories .