语用推理是指听话人根据会话原则,利用各种语境因素,从字面意义推断说话人隐含的会话含义的过程。最初由Grice提出,后来其他语用学家,特别是关联理论派和新格赖斯派(neo-Gricean),提出了各自的修订意见。本文讨论这些语用推理模式的得失,并在此基础上提出了新的推理模式。 Pragmatic inference refers to the process of the listener inferring the implied conversational meaning of the speaker from the literal meaning by using various contextual factors according to the principle of conversation. Originally proposed by Grice, later other pragmatists, in particular the Relevance Theory and the neo-Gricean, proposed their own revisions. This article discusses the pros and cons of these pragmatic inference models, and on this basis proposes a new model of reasoning.