Widespread aeolian deposits on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have provided valuable palaeoclimatic information.However,the primary factors(e.g.,climate factors,human activity,and vegetation cover)controlling aeolian deposition remain elusive.In this paper,we use a dataset that comprises new and published ages of Holocene aeolian sand and loess in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River to identify the primary controlling factors and palaeoclimatic implications of aeolian deposition.Several intervals of enhanced aeolian ac-cumulation centered at 8.5-7.8,6.4-5.8,4.5-4.0,3.1-1.8,and 0.9 ka are identified,generally consistent with regional low rainfall events and weak Indian summer monsoon(ISM).This suggests that regional wetness,dominated by the ISM,may play a key role in modulating dust emissions and aeolian deposition on centennial timescales.Our results show that on centennial-to millennial-scales,ISM activity can be reconstructed by non-continuous aeolian deposits in the monsoon dominated TP.