鸦片战争后,中国逐渐地开放沿海都市和长江沿岸都市,随着对外开放,欧洲经济对中国侵略亦开始了。欧洲的企业、个体商人的在华经济活动正是侵略性的,但是,为了发展中国国民经济,实行开国政策,无可置疑,有进步意义。多年来,中国和日本历史学界对欧洲人在华经济活动有两个偏倚评价,就是排外主义的,还是媚外主义的。这样的主义都是从深层心理来的,而决不是学术的看法。一般来说,我们可以了解欧人在华活动对中国经济有两面性,一面是侵略的,一面是进步的。可是,这种看法还是一般水平的,没有根据理论精辟分析的。我们应该从分析鸦片战争前后的情况来发现中国经济的“近代化”条理。鸦片战争前的中国经济已经开始走上“近代化”的道路。如果我们已经认为欧洲资本主义经济比清代旧式经济还有进步的意义,那末,从这样的观点来说,其“近代化”就是西洋化,而清代旧式民间经济不能进入“近代化”的门口。反之,最近,美 After the Opium War, China gradually opened its coastal cities and cities along the Yangtze River. With the opening up to the outside world, the European economic aggression against China began. The economic activities of European enterprises and individual traders in China are very aggressive. However, there is no doubt that there is any progress in making the development of the national economy in China and the implementation of the founding policy. Over the years, historians in China and Japan have evaluated biased European bias toward economic activity in China. They are either xenophobic or xenophobic. This kind of doctrine comes from profound psychology, but by no means academic. Generally speaking, we can understand that the European activities in China have two sides to the Chinese economy. One side is invading and the other is progressing. However, this view is still average, not based on a brilliant analysis of the theory. We should find out the “modernization” of China’s economy from the analysis of the situation before and after the Opium War. The Chinese economy before the Opium War has embarked on the path of “modernization.” If we have already considered the capitalist economy in Europe to be more progressive than the old-style economy in the Qing Dynasty, then from such a point of view, its “modernization” is Westernization and the old-style non-governmental economy in Qing Dynasty can not enter the “modernization” Doorway. On the contrary, recently, the United States