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目的了解苏北农村地区空巢老人慢性病患病情况,为提高空巢老人的健康水平提供对策。方法 2014年7—8月采用分层随机整群抽样方法和自行设计的调查问卷,对苏北徐州、连云港和宿迁3市24个行政村的部分空巢老人进行入户面对面的询问调查。计数资料比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果苏北农村地区空巢老人的慢性病患病率为59.9%(844/1 409),其中患1种慢性病的农村老年人占52.6%(741/1 409),患2种慢性病的占26.3%(371/1409),患3种及以上慢性病的21.1%(297/1 409)。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、人均年收入、家庭和睦、生活满意度、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼的空巢老年人慢性病患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论苏北农村地区空巢老人的慢性病患病率偏高,可从加强健康教育、改变老人不良的生活习惯、营造和谐氛围等方面提高空巢老人的健康水平。
Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in empty-nesters in rural areas of North Jiangsu and provide countermeasures for improving the health of empty-nesters. Methods From July to August 2014, stratified random cluster sampling method and self-designed questionnaire were used to survey the interviewees of some empty nesters in 24 administrative villages in Xuzhou, Lianyungang and Suqian cities of northern Jiangsu. Counting data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases among empty-nesters in rural areas of northern Jiangsu province was 59.9% (844/1 409), of which 52.6% (741/1 409) were rural elderly with one chronic disease and 26.3% (two chronic diseases) (371/1409), 21.1% (297/1 409) of three or more chronic diseases. There was significant difference in the prevalence of chronic diseases between the elderly and the elderly in different age, gender, age, marital status, educational attainment, per capita annual income, family harmony, life satisfaction, smoking, drinking and exercise (all P <0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of empty-nest elderly in rural areas of northern Jiangsu is high, which can improve the health of empty-nesters from the aspects of strengthening health education, changing the bad habits of the elderly and creating a harmonious atmosphere.