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以番茄为试材,研究了低压微润灌溉对日光温室小气候及番茄生长特性的影响,以明确低压微润灌溉在南疆地区设施大棚内的适宜性。结果表明:微润灌溉条件下的地温变化较滴灌稳定,变幅较小。番茄苗期至坐果期微润灌溉的地温普遍较滴灌高2.98℃,而在坐果期至成熟期则较滴灌低2.03℃。微润灌溉分别较滴灌的室内温度增加2.63℃,湿度降低11.2个百分点。微润灌溉的番茄根系直径、茎粗分别较滴灌增加19.30%和14.50%,而滴灌主根长及主根系数量分别较微润灌提高13.80%和11.29%。微润灌溉的番茄长势要好于滴灌,尤其是在苗期至坐果期可加快番茄株高生长,在一定程度上能够增加番茄须根数量及茎粗,但对主根长和主根系数量具有一定的抑制作用。
The effects of low-pressure micro-irrigation on the microclimate and growth characteristics of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied with tomato as test material to determine the suitability of low-pressure micro-irrigation in greenhouse facilities in southern Xinjiang. The results showed that under the condition of micro-irrigation, the change of ground temperature was more stable than that of drip irrigation. Compared with drip irrigation, the ground temperature of tomato with micro-irrigation at seedling stage to fruit setting stage was generally 2.98 ℃ higher than that at drip irrigation stage, and 2.03 ℃ lower than that of drip irrigation at fruit setting stage to mature stage. Micro-irrigation, respectively, compared with drip irrigation room temperature increased 2.63 ℃, humidity decreased by 11.2 percentage points. The diameter and stem diameter of tomato with micro-irrigation increased by 19.30% and 14.50% respectively compared with drip irrigation, while the number of main root and main root of drip irrigation increased by 13.80% and 11.29% respectively compared with micro-irrigation. Micro-run irrigation tomato growth is better than drip irrigation, especially in seedling to fruit setting can speed up tomato plant height growth, to some extent, can increase the number of tomato fibrous roots and stems, but the main root length and main root number of a certain amount of inhibition effect.