超声波无损检测方法在一些材料如钢铁、铝合金等方面的应用比较广泛,在一些脆性材料方面应用却不多。炭和石墨是一种脆性材料,它们在结构上具有不均匀性和不产生塑性形变的特点。这就使得对其机械物理性能的测试遇到很大的困难。如在抽样测试时,抽测的试样只能代表试样本身。若增大抽样数量从统计意义上讲可以提高对该批产品的代表性,但对某些性质如强度、孔率等的传统测试方法都是破坏性的,增大抽样量会破坏更多的产品。并且由于材料自身的不均匀性,即使同 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods are widely used in some materials such as steel and aluminum alloy, but not in some brittle materials. Carbon and graphite are brittle materials that are structurally non-uniform and do not produce plastic deformation. This makes it very difficult to test its mechanical and physical properties. As in the sampling test, the sampling of the sample can only represent the sample itself. Increasing the number of samples can increase the representativeness of the batch of products in a statistical sense, but the traditional testing methods for certain properties such as strength, porosity, etc. are destructive and increasing the sample size can destroy even more product. And because of the material’s own non-uniformity, even if the same