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背景: 适时而科学的添加辅助食品或强化食品能促进婴幼儿的智能发育。新疆是位于祖国西部的少数民族聚居的地区, 少数民族有其独特的生活方式与饮食习惯, 这种独特的方式是否影响婴幼儿营养状况有待于进一步研究。目的: 通过调查维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族 3 个民族 454 名婴幼儿的营养状况与智力发育情况, 认识影响儿童智力发育的因素。设计: 抽样调查。单位: 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室。对象: 选择 2004- 05/2005- 04 哈萨克、汉、维吾尔族居民较集中的吐鲁番、乌鲁木齐、呼图壁等地区的婴幼儿 454 名, 在征得家属知情同意的基础上进行此次调查。各年龄段(0～1, 1～2, 2～3 岁) 的调查 50 名婴幼儿。方法: 对婴幼儿 454 名采用 1 人 1 卡进行询问记录, 内容包括联系指标、与智能发育有关的社会因素、膳食史、添加辅食的种类与时间等, 并运用丹佛智能发育筛选进行智能评分。主要观察指标: 开始添加辅食的时间、种类, 喂养方式, 婴幼儿智能平均分及其相关性。结果: 纳入婴幼儿 454 名, 12 名因资料不合格而脱落, 最终 442 名进入结果分析。①添加辅助食品的情况: 哈萨克族以奶制品为主, 1 岁以后才给肉菜和水果。维吾尔族以少量肉为主, 汉族幼儿则以蛋和粮食为主。②婴幼儿辅食开始添加时间的比较: 维吾尔族、汉族和哈萨克族婴幼儿开始添加辅食的平均时间分别为 6.87, 5.40, 8.17 个月, 差异具有极显著性意义(F = 14.62, P < 0.01) 。③智能发育情况: 3 个民族婴幼儿智能测试评分: 汉族 > 维吾尔族 > 哈萨克族, 但年龄 > 24 个月时哈萨克族 > 维吾尔族, 差异有极显著性意义(P < 0.01)。④不同的喂养方式和开始添加辅食时间对婴幼儿智能发育影响: 婴幼儿开始添加辅食的时间越早, 其智能得分越高(P < 0.05), 而不同喂养方式的婴幼儿智能评分差异不明显(P > 0.05)。结论: 改善乳母、婴幼儿营养状况及早期添加辅助食品( 断奶食品) 有利于婴幼儿智力发育。
Background: The timely and scientific addition of supplementary foods or fortified foods can promote the intelligent development of infants. Xinjiang is located inhabited by ethnic minorities living in the western part of the motherland. The ethnic minorities have their unique way of life and eating habits. Whether this unique way affects the nutritional status of infants and young children remains to be further studied. Objective: To investigate the nutritional status and mental development of 454 infants and young children from Uygur, Han and Kazak ethnic groups and to understand the factors affecting their mental development. Design: sample survey. Unit: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: 454 infants and young children from Kazakhstan, Han and Uyghur nationalities concentrated in Turpan, Urumqi and Hutubi from 2004-05 to 2005-04 were selected to conduct this survey with the informed consent of their relatives. All infants (0-1, 1-2, 2-3 years old) surveyed 50 infants. Methods: 454 infants and young children were interviewed and recorded by 1 person and 1 card, including contact indicators, social factors related to intellectual development, dietary history, types and time of supplementary food supplement, and smart score by using Denver intelligent developmental screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time, type, feeding pattern, intelligent average score of infants and young children and their correlations when supplemented food started to be added. Results: 454 infants and young children were included, 12 were off due to unqualified data, and 442 were finally involved in the result analysis. ① Add supplementary food situation: Kazakhs mainly dairy products, after the age of 1 only to meat dishes and fruits. Uighur mainly with a small amount of meat, Han children are mainly eggs and food. ②Comparison of infant food supplement starting time: The average time of supplementing food supplement for Uygur, Han and Kazak children was 6.87, 5.40 and 8.17 months, respectively, with significant difference (F = 14.62, P <0.01) . (3) Intelligence development: The score of intelligence test of three ethnic infant children: Han> Uygur> Kazak, but the Kazakh> Uygur> 24 months old had significant difference (P <0.01). (4) The influence of different feeding methods and the time of starting complementary feeding on the intelligent development of infants and young children: The earlier the infants started to add supplementary food, the higher the intelligent score (P <0.05), while the difference of intelligent score between infants and young infants was not obvious (P> 0.05). Conclusion: To improve the nutritional status of nurse and infants and to add auxiliary food (weaning food) early is beneficial to the mental development of infants.