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目的通过对甘宁阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地45年动物间鼠疫流行监测材料的统计分析研究,为今后该疫源地鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法应用现代流行病学研究新理论、新方法。结果在该疫源地内共发现哺乳类动物30种,阿拉善黄鼠为主要宿主;发现蚤类59种(亚种),方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为主要传播媒介;45年中有4次动物间鼠疫流行,9个年份检出鼠疫菌159株,23个年份检出阳性血清488份。检菌及阳性血清出现的时间仅限于主要宿主地面活动的3～9月,流行高峰出现在5～6月,流行时阿拉善黄鼠平均密度在(3.26±1.11)只/hm2。疫源地核心地带位于海原县境内月亮山与南华山之间。结论认为现阶段的疫情监测能够有效地阻止人间鼠疫的发生,也能在人类不幸受到感染时加以及时处理。但从疫源地动物间鼠疫的监测效果上分析,仍然不能尽如人意。针对该疫源地的特殊性,在以往监测的基础上,认真总结动物间鼠疫在时间和空间方面的规律性,加强疫源地内鼠疫联防组织的监督作用,重新规定细化监测方案,扩大流动监测规模,提高其先期发现动物间鼠疫流行的能力。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of plague epidemics in the 45-year-old plague foci of Gansu Alashan Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in this plague area in the future. Methods Apply new theory and method of modern epidemiology. Results Thirty species of mammals and six species of Alaskanalis were found in the foci of origin. Fifty-nine species (subspecies) of fleas and seven Mongolian species of T. gonorrhoeae were found as major vectors. Four times in 45 years Plague prevalence among animals, 159 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected in 9 years, and 488 positive sera were detected in 23 years. Vaccination and positive sera appeared only in the main host surface activity from March to September, the peak of the epidemic occurred in May to June, when the average prevalence of Alsalis chinensis average (3.26 ± 1.11) / hm2. The core of the foci is located between the Moon Hill and the South Huashan in Haiyuan County. The conclusion is that the epidemic surveillance at the current stage can effectively prevent the occurrence of plague in human beings and can also be dealt with timely in the event of human unfortunate infection. However, the analysis of the effects of plague surveillance in foci of animals still can not be satisfactory. In view of the particularity of the epidemic areas, on the basis of previous monitoring, the regularity of the plague in animals in terms of time and space was conscientiously summarized, the role of the plague organization in surveillance in the epidemic areas was strengthened, and detailed monitoring programs were expanded to expand the flow Monitor the scale and increase its ability to detect plague pre-emptively.