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Objective:To retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) with ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) in patients with postcatheterizational femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms (PSA). Methods: Thirty patients of this iatrogenic PSA [8males, 22 females, average age (66.5± 5.2) years] in our nstitution from 1997 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 11 patients were treated with UGCR, 2 under continuous ultrasonographic (US) guidance and 9 under the guidance of femoral arterial bruit auscultation and dorsalis pedis artery palpation. Because UGCR was failed in 5 patients, consecutively 24 patients were treated with UGTI. Wine thrombin solution at a concentration of 200 U/ml was injected percutaneously using 22-25 gauge needles under color Doppler US. Demographics, clinical variables, pseudoaneurysm characteristics, and results of the 2 groups were compared by using Fishers exact test and Students t test. Results: The initial success rate of UGCR was 36.4% (4/11) nd the overall success rate was 45.5% (5/11). Ten of 11 patients suffered from local pain during the compression, but there was no any complication in UGTI group. The average dose of injected thrombin was (180±82) U for PSA of a single loculus and (315±150) U for multiloculated PSA. The initial success rate of UGTI was 89.5% (17/19) and the verall uccess rate was 100% (24/24). Conclusion:UGTI offers a safe, quick and effective means of definitively treating femoral pseudoaneurysms and seems superior to UGCR. The amount of thrombin applied on our people seems smaller compared with others work.