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对栖居人类的微生物的研究和微生物学自身的历史一样长。三百年前,聪明、多才多艺的荷兰业余显微镜学家安东尼·范·雷文赫克(1632—1732)开始重新检查自己的身体。以前他曾用单透镜制成的毛持显微镜如痴如醉地观察过自己身上的红细胞、精子、晶体及雨水和胡椒粉浸液中的各种“微动物”。他发明观察这些微生物中极小之物的方法至今仍不知道。当雷文赫克患轻微肠道疾病时,他想到检查一滴自己的粪便。根据他在1681年给伦敦英国皇家学会的信中的描述,可以肯定,他已观察到粪便中的原生动物,并可能观察到细菌。可是,雷文赫克1683年9月17日的
The study of microorganisms that inhabit humans is as long as the history of microbiology itself. Three hundred years ago, the smart, versatile Dutch amateur microscope researcher Anthony Van Ravenheck (1632-1732) began to re-examine his body. He previously used a single-lens hair-hold microscope to immerse himself in the red blood cells, sperm, crystals, and various “micro-animals” in rain and pepper dip. He still does not know the method of discovering the smallest of these microorganisms. When Levin Heck had minor intestinal problems, he thought of checking a drop of his own stool. According to his description in a letter to the Royal Society of London in London in 1681, it is certain that he has observed protozoan faeces and may observe bacteria. However, Raven Heck on September 17, 1683