一.引言第二次世界大战日本战败,国民财富的40%毁于战火。经过几十年的努力,日本已成为当代最发达的资本主义国家之一。从人均GNP来看,日美的收入比率在1950年时为1:14,差距非常之大。而到了1960年变为1:6,1970年为1:2.5,差距迅速缩小(大野健一,2006)。钢、汽车、造船、水泥、制铝、合成橡胶和塑料的产量均居世界前两位。日本在1985年就已成为世界最大债权国, I. Introduction The Second World War Japan was defeated and 40% of its national wealth was destroyed by the war. After decades of efforts, Japan has become one of the most advanced capitalist countries in the world. From the per capita GNP point of view, Japan-US income ratio in 1950 was 1:14, the gap is very large. But by 1960 it became 1: 6, and in 1970 it was 1: 2.5, the gap narrowed rapidly (Kenichi Ono, 2006). Steel, automobile, shipbuilding, cement, aluminum, synthetic rubber and plastic output rank the top two in the world. Japan became the world’s largest creditor in 1985,