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金纳米颗粒有着优异的表面性质,成熟的制备路线和良好的生物相容性。目前临床通常使用的CT商用造影剂是含碘的有机分子。金与碘相比,有着更高的原子序数和X射线吸收系数。随着纳米材料和生物纳米技术的发展,近年来,在金纳米颗粒作为CT造影剂方面涌现出一系列优秀的工作成果。本文综述了金纳米颗粒的制备路线,表面修饰,以及X射线造影情况,重点介绍包裹了PEG、阿拉伯树胶、钆螯合物、高密度脂蛋白等的金纳米颗粒CT造影剂的试用情况,并对金纳米棒颗粒用作CT造影剂存在的问题和应用前景进行讨论。
Gold nanoparticles have excellent surface properties, mature preparation routes and good biocompatibility. At present, CT commonly used in clinical contrast media is iodine-containing organic molecules. Gold has a higher atomic number and X-ray absorption coefficient than iodine. In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials and bio-nanotechnology, a series of outstanding achievements have emerged in the area of gold nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. In this paper, the preparation routes, surface modification and X-ray contrast of gold nanoparticles are reviewed. The experimental results of gold nanoparticles coated with PEG, gum arabic, gadolinium chelate and high density lipoprotein are reviewed. The problems and application prospect of gold nanorod particles as CT contrast agent are discussed.