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目的了解山东省济南市老年人身体健康状况并比较城乡区别。方法采用分层随机抽样方法选取样本,采用问卷调查方法,对济南市1 071名≥65岁老年人进行了入户调查,并拟合广义线性模型进行统计分析。结果 1 071人中,自评身体健康状况很好者143人,占13.40%;自评一般者729人,占68.10%;自评较差者198人,占18.50%;与同龄人比较,自评身体健康状况很好者106人,占9.90%;自评较好者313人,占29.20%;自评一般者522人,占48.70%;自评较差者128人,占12.00%;城市好于农村,差异有统计学意义(u=-4.544,P=0.000);患有慢性病老年人675人,患病率为63.02%,城市老年人慢性病患病率高于农村,差异有统计学意义(u=134.65,P=0.000);常见慢性病患病率前6位为高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、颈椎病、脑血管疾病。结论济南市老年人群健康状况不容乐观,年龄、对所居住社区(村)评价、精神/心理得分、居住地和个人平均月收入对身体健康状况的影响具有统计学意义。
Objective To understand the health status of the elderly in Jinan city of Shandong province and compare the differences between urban and rural areas. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select samples. A questionnaire survey method was used to investigate 1,071 elderly people aged ≥65 years in Jinan, and the generalized linear model was fitted for statistical analysis. Results Among 1 071 people, 143 were self-rated good physical health, accounting for 13.40%; 729 were self-rated, accounting for 68.10%; 198 were self-rated poor, accounting for 18.50%; compared with their peers, A total of 106 people rated as having good physical health, accounting for 9.90%; 313 people rated themselves as good, accounting for 29.20%; 522 people generally rated as self-assessment, accounting for 48.70%; 128 persons having a poor self-evaluation of 12.00% (U = -4.544, P = 0.000); 675 elderly people with chronic diseases, the prevalence was 63.02%, the prevalence of chronic diseases in urban elderly was higher than that in rural areas, the difference was statistically significant Significance (u = 134.65, P = 0.000). The top 6 most common chronic diseases were hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, cervical spondylosis and cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion The health status of the elderly population in Jinan City is not optimistic, and age, evaluation of the living community (village), mental / psychological scores, average monthly income of residence and individual have a significant effect on health status.