运用电镜及免疫组化技术观察了2例肺原发性恶性许旺氏瘤,并结合文献对其病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗进行了讨论。本病易被误诊为肺癌。它的病理特点是,光镜下瘤细胞呈短梭形,排列紧密,交叉成束,部分瘤细胞核呈逗点形。免疫组化染色,S-100蛋白阳性。电镜下瘤细胞有基底膜样物质和细胞间连接。 Using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, two cases of primary malignant Schwann’s tumor of the lung were observed and their pathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment were discussed in the literature. The disease is easily misdiagnosed as lung cancer. Its pathological features are that under light microscope, the tumor cells are short spindle-shaped, closely arranged, and interspersed into bundles, and some of the tumor cells have comma-shaped nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining, S-100 protein positive. Under electron microscope, the tumor cells have a basement membrane-like substance and an intercellular junction.