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目的探讨贫血与老年人认知功能障碍的关系,为防治老年人认知功能障碍提供依据。方法依据WHO制定的贫血诊断标准,在天津市某社区选取200例贫血患者,同时选取200名正常人作为对照组,采用蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)测试认知功能,比较两组间认知功能障碍发生率、MoCA各项分值及总分差异。计量资料组间比较用t检验;计数资料组间比较用χ2检验,相关分析采用Spearman秩相关。结果贫血组患者认知功能障碍发生率(48.0%)高于对照组(12.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.729,P<0.01),贫血组MoCA总分值[(23.78±3.52)分]低于对照组[(27.12±1.28)分)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Spearman秩相关结果显示,贫血与MCI显著相关(r=0.869,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,贫血是MCI独立危险因素(OR=6.472,P<0.01)。结论贫血与老年人认知功能障碍存在关联,应对老年人贫血采取早期预防和积极治疗措施。
Objective To explore the relationship between anemia and cognitive impairment in the elderly and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria for anemia developed by the WHO, 200 anemia patients were selected in a community of Tianjin and 200 normal subjects were selected as the control group. The cognitive function was tested by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) Dysfunction, MoCA scores and total score differences. Measurement data were compared between groups using t test; count data between the two groups using χ2 test, correlation analysis using Spearman rank correlation. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in anemia group was significantly higher than that in control group (48.0% vs 12.5%, χ2 = 59.729, P <0.01). The total score of MoCA in anemia group was (23.78 ± 3.52) Points] lower than the control group [(27.12 ± 1.28) points)], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Spearman rank correlation results showed that anemia was significantly associated with MCI (r = 0.869, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that anemia was an independent risk factor for MCI (OR = 6.472, P <0.01). Conclusion Anemia is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly, and early prevention and aggressive treatment of anemia in the elderly should be taken.