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目的:探讨寒凉类中药材的“形、色、嗅、味”等形态学特征。方法:选取118味寒凉药作为研究对象,应用EpiDa-ta3.02软件建立数据库,应用SPSS18.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果:在形状方面,寒凉中药包括20类,圆柱形占28%,共33例;片状、卵形和块状各有10例,各占8.5%;椭圆形和卷曲状各7例,各占5.9%;圆球形6例,占5.1%;其他形状分布较零散。在颜色方面,共有18种,其中黄棕15例,占12.7%;黄白14例,占11.9%;白13例,占11.0%;灰棕9例,占8.5%;黄绿9例,占7.6%;棕褐7例,占5.9%;黑褐7例,占5.9%;绿、灰褐、棕各有6例,各占5.1%。在气方面,气微的49例,占41.5%;无臭的31例,占26.3%;特异的共15例;占总数的12.7%。在味方面,微苦26例,占22.0%;淡25例,占21.2%;苦24例,占20.3%;甘16例,占13.6%。在质地方面,质脆的34例,占28.8%;质轻的26例,占22%;质硬的25例,占21.2%;质坚实与质韧的均为11例,各占9.3%;质地重、松、硬、滑以及其他的所占比例较小。结论:寒凉中药的形态学特征具有一定规律,以圆柱形、黄色、气微、微苦、质脆者为多,适合进一步挖掘整理。
Objective: To explore the morphological characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines such as “shape, color, smell and taste”. Methods: 118 cold herbs were selected as research objects. EpiDa-ta3.02 software was used to establish the database, and SPSS18.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: In terms of shape, there are 20 kinds of cold traditional Chinese medicines, including 28 cases of cylindrical shape, a total of 33 cases. There are 10 cases in the form of lamellae, oval and lumps, accounting for 8.5%, 7 cases of oval and curly shape, Each accounting for 5.9%; spherical 6 cases, accounting for 5.1%; other shapes are scattered. In terms of color, a total of 18 species, of which 15 cases of yellow brown, accounting for 12.7%; 14 cases of yellow and white, accounting for 11.9%; white 13 cases, accounting for 11.0%; gray brown 9 cases, accounting for 8.5% %; Brown in 7 cases, accounting for 5.9%; dark brown in 7 cases, accounting for 5.9%; green, gray brown, brown in 6 cases, each accounted for 5.1%. In gas, gas micro-49 cases, accounting for 41.5%; odorless in 31 cases, accounting for 26.3%; specific in 15 cases; 12.7% of the total. In the taste, slightly bitter 26 cases, accounting for 22.0%; light in 25 cases, accounting for 21.2%; bitter 24 cases, accounting for 20.3%; Gan 16 cases, accounting for 13.6%. In terms of texture, 34 cases were crisp, accounting for 28.8%; 26 cases were mild, accounting for 22%; 25 cases were hard, accounting for 21.2%; 11 cases were both solid and tough, accounting for 9.3% Texture heavy, loose, hard, slippery and other small proportion. Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine have certain regularity, which are suitable for further excavation and finishing with cylindrical, yellow, gas micro-micro, bitter and crispiness.