树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)是目前已知功能最强的抗原提呈细胞。一种安全可行的肿瘤免疫基因治疗方法是将肿瘤相关抗原的mRNA或肿瘤细胞总RNA转染DC,使之将肿瘤抗原信息提呈给T细胞,产生特异性免疫应答。目前,临床研究较多的是髓系DC,体外培养DC的技术也一直在不断地改进。RNA转染DC的方法主要有脂质体介导的转染、裸RNA转染(被动转染)、电穿孔转染和核转染法。动物实验已经证实,RNA负载的DC能有效地诱导抗原特异性免疫应答。近年来研究者们对RNA修饰的DC瘤苗治疗临床常见各种肿瘤的免疫学效应进行了广泛的临床前和临床试验研究,已显示出该类疫苗具有广阔的应用前景。 Dendritic cells (DCs) are the strongest known antigen-presenting cells. A safe and feasible method of tumor immunotherapy is to transfer the tumor-related antigen mRNA or tumor cell total RNA to DC so that the tumor antigen information is presented to T cells to generate a specific immune response. Currently, more clinical research is myeloid DC, DC technology in vitro has also been continuously improved. The methods of RNA transfection of DC mainly include liposome-mediated transfection, naked RNA transfection (passive transfection), electroporation transfection and nuclear transfection. Animal experiments have shown that RNA-loaded DCs are effective in inducing antigen-specific immune responses. In recent years, researchers conducted a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies on the immunological effects of RNA-modified DC tumor vaccine in the treatment of clinically common tumors. It has been shown that such vaccines have broad application prospects.