设计、比较了3种直接提取土壤微生物DNA的方法。实验结果表明,3种方法都可以从土壤中提取到一定的微生物DNA片段,但是使用不同的方法对于DNA提取的产量存在着很大的差异;初提的土壤DNA经进一步提纯后均可用于PCR扩增。其中方法III提取的DNA产量最高,且效果明显,是一种从小量土壤样品中直接提取微生物DNA的理想方法,在土壤微生研究中具有重要的应用价值。 Three methods of direct extraction of soil microbial DNA were designed and compared. The results showed that all the three methods could extract some DNA fragments from the soil, but there was a great difference in the yield of DNA extracted by different methods. After further purification, the soil DNA could be used for PCR Amplify. Among them, Method III has the highest DNA yield and obvious effect. It is an ideal method to directly extract microbial DNA from a small amount of soil samples and has important application value in soil microbial research.