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当代西方社会史学的内在层次及层次间的关系是本文探讨的重点。西方文明中的历史意识极大地影响甚至部分地决定了西方社会史的整体认识和研究。西方历史学和西方文明是他们的实践主体塑造的主客观历史形象,同时也就是他们现实的历史。本文第一部分提出并探讨了社会史学的三个层次:历史哲学;社会宏观结构及其变迁;大众的日常生活。本文提出的西方社会史学的定义是:西方社会史是对西方历史哲学,社会结构及其宏观变迁以及大众日常生活及其相互关系的整体研究的史学。第二部分,这里探讨了上述三个层次的因果必然性关系以及因果互动关系,探讨人本主义的社会史观和结构主义的社会史观的关系问题。本文指出社会史的研究应该以人本主义作为其根本层次和出发点。第三部分讨论了西方文化主体在西方文明中的作用以及相关的历史哲学问题。特别应该指出的是,西方历史哲学本身在西方文明的发展中不仅是历史认识论、本体论,同时也是历史的本体。
The inner level of contemporary western social history and the relationship between the levels is the focus of this paper. The historical awareness in Western civilization greatly influenced and even partially determined the overall understanding and research of Western social history. Western historiography and western civilization are the subjective and objective historical images of their practice subject, and they are also their realistic history. The first part of this paper presents and explores the three levels of social history: the philosophy of history; the social macro-structure and its changes; the daily life of the general public. The definition of Western social historiography proposed in this paper is: Western social history is a historiography of the overall study of the western philosophy of history, social structure and its macro changes and the daily life of the general public and their mutual relations. The second part discusses the relationship between the three levels of causality and the causal relationship as well as the causal relationship between causality and socialism and the socialism of structuralism. This article points out that the study of social history should take humanism as its basic level and starting point. The third part discusses the role of Western culture in Western civilization and related issues of historical philosophy. In particular, it should be pointed out that Western historical philosophy itself is not only historical epistemology, ontology, but also historical noumenon in the development of Western civilization.