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目的调查中山市某小学多名急性胃肠炎病例的感染来源、传播途径和危险因素。方法制定病例定义开展病例搜索,采用描述性流行病学方法描述病例的临床特征、流行曲线和人群分布。通过回顾性队列研究探索危险因素。结果共发现疑似病例39例,实验室确诊病例9例,学校总罹患率为3.3%(39/1 192)。39个病例均为学生,分布在7个班,其中四(4)班和四(3)班罹患率最高,不同班级之间的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=403.709,P<0.01)。回顾性队列研究提示:23日中午经过四(4)班和四(3)班外的走廊,并见到呕吐物,其发病风险增加(RR=4.23,95%CI:1.09~8.56)。结论本次诺如暴发疫情主要是由于呕吐物未能及时和规范处理,可能是通过气溶胶传播导致。
Objective To investigate the origin, route of transmission and risk factors of multiple acute gastroenteritis cases in a primary school in Zhongshan City. Methods The case definition was made to carry out the case search, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the clinical features, epidemic curve and population distribution of the cases. Explore retrospective cohort studies of risk factors. Results A total of 39 suspected cases, 9 laboratory confirmed cases and a total school attack rate of 3.3% (39/1 192) were found. The 39 cases were all students and distributed in 7 classes. Among them, four (4) classes and four (3) classes had the highest attack rate, and the attack rates among different classes were statistically different (χ ~ 2 = 403.709, P < 0.01). Retrospective cohort study indicated that the incidence of vomit increased with the passage of four (4) and four (3) classes at noon on the 23rd (RR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.09-8.56). Conclusions This outbreak of Norovirus outbreak was mainly due to the failure of timely and standardized treatment of vomit, which may be caused by the spread of aerosol.