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我国在1979—1989年的经济改革中,走的是一条放权让利的路子,选择了承包经营责任制作为搞活国营大中型企业的最主要的经济组织形式,现在仍然是主要形式。但是,实践证明,它并不是一个好的形式,主要存在以下问题: 第一,产权关系模糊,财产约束不硬。目前国营企业产权模糊并不在于人们无法从理论上确认—个产权主体,而在于:—方面,在现实中无法明确国营企业的财产存量和增量的具体产权归属,比如企业用留成利润扩大生产规模的形成的资产。另一方面,目前的各级政府部门实际上无法对国有资产负责,因而使国有资产在客观上处于无人负责的状况。再—方面,国营企业无法真正摆脱行政机关的直接控制,真正实现政企分开,企业无
In the economic reforms of 1979-1989, China took a road of decentralization and power-sharing, and selected contract responsibility as the most important form of economic organization for rejuvenating state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises. Now it is still the main form. However, practice has proved that it is not a good form. There are mainly the following problems: First, property rights are ambiguous and property constraints are not hard. At present, the obscure property rights of state-owned enterprises do not lie in the fact that people can’t theoretically identify a property right subject, but rather: in terms of the fact, it is impossible to specify the ownership of the state-owned enterprise’s property and the specific ownership of incremental property in reality. For example, the company expands production by using retained profits. Scale formed assets. On the other hand, the current government departments at all levels are virtually unable to take responsibility for state-owned assets, thus making state-owned assets objectively unresponsible. On the other hand, the state-owned enterprises cannot really get rid of the direct control of the executive authorities and truly separate the government and enterprises.