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目的分析广州市1992~2007年乙型肝炎疫苗接种率与发病趋势,为乙肝免疫和防治策略提供依据。方法对广州市1992~2007年出生的儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及乙肝发病率进行调查。结果接种初期(1992~1994年)疫苗接种率为63.14%,接种后期(2002~2007年)为95.72%。1992~2007年1~16岁年龄组乙型肝炎发病13699例,总发病率在(26.21~122.74)/10万之间,其中接种初期发病率最高,为122.74/10万,接种后期最低,为26.21/10万,下降了78.65%。1~5岁、6~10岁和11~16岁组乙肝发病呈逐年下降趋势,降幅分别为54.82%,75.04%和83.04%。接种后期与接种初、中(1995~2001年)期比较,HBsAg阳性率分别下降了80.80%和79.13%,抗-HBs阳性率分别升高了8.70%和13.15%,抗-HBc阳性率分别下降了23.24%和4.29%。结论广州市推广新生儿乙肝疫苗接种已取得良好效果。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B vaccine in Guangzhou from 1992 to 2007, and provide the evidence for hepatitis B immunization and control strategies. Methods The incidence of hepatitis B vaccination and the incidence of hepatitis B in children born in Guangzhou from 1992 to 2007 were investigated. Results The vaccination rate was 63.14% in the early stage of vaccination (1992 ~ 1994) and 95.72% in the late stage of vaccination (2002-2007). From 1992 to 2007, the incidence of hepatitis B in 136 patients aged from 1 to 16 years was 13699, the total incidence was between (26.21 and 122.74) / 100000, of which the highest incidence was 122.74 / 100000 in the early stage of inoculation, the lowest in the latter stage of inoculation 26.21 / 100,000, a decrease of 78.65%. The incidence of hepatitis B in 1-5 years old, 6-10 years old and 11-16 years old decreased year by year, with a decrease of 54.82%, 75.04% and 83.04% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg decreased by 80.80% and 79.13% at the later stage of inoculation compared with the beginning and middle stage of inoculation (1995 ~ 2001) respectively. The positive rate of anti-HBs increased by 8.70% and 13.15%, respectively, and the positive rate of anti-HBc decreased 23.24% and 4.29% respectively. Conclusion Guangzhou to promote neonatal hepatitis B vaccination has achieved good results.