十八届三中全会提出了“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的命题。国家治理体系和治理能力如何现代化?其最重要、最关键的任务和途径就是实现国家治理法治化。而法治化必然要求问责制。发端于2003年以“非典”为起点的“问责风暴”有力地推动了问责的制度化建设,但就问责的实际状况而言,主要是各级行政机关内部逐级追究失职政府官员的责任, The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the proposition of “promoting the modernization of state governance system and governance capability.” How to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity? Its most important and crucial task and approach is to realize the rule of law in state governance. The legalization necessarily requires accountability. The “accountability storm” started in 2003 with “SARS” as the starting point has effectively promoted the institutionalization of accountability. However, in terms of the actual status of accountability, it is mainly the internal level-by-level Investigate the responsibility of government officials who have been derelict,