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性别失衡加剧了男孩家庭在婚姻市场上的竞争,寻求高的社会地位有助于提高竞争力。家庭可以通过购房置业、创业、投资教育等不同路径来寻求社会地位,最终的选择取决于不同路径之间的权衡。本文使用CHNS数据研究发现,农户是否置业及置业价值都不取决于家庭中是否有未婚的男孩,而是取决于家庭收入。即使在控制了不同地区婚姻市场竞争激烈程度后以上结论仍然成立。进一步研究发现,有男孩的农户会更多地投资于创业,因此创业作为一种社会地位寻求路径在一定程度上替代了置业。本文的政策含义是:基于有男孩和没男孩农户之间的行为差异,有针对性地设计信贷、税收等政策,可以激发更多的创业活动和优化人力资本配置。
Gender imbalances exacerbate the competition of boys and girls in the marriage market and seeking higher social status can help increase competitiveness. The family can seek social status through various paths such as home purchase, start-up and investment and education. The final choice depends on the trade-off between different paths. Using the CHNS data, this study finds that neither the value of household ownership nor the value of home ownership depend on whether there are unmarried boys in the household, but on household income. Even after controlling for the intensity of competition in different parts of the marriage market, the above conclusion still holds. Further research has found that boys with boys will invest more in entrepreneurship, so starting up as a social status quest path will to some extent replace home ownership. The policy implication of this article is that based on the behavioral differences between boys and non-boys farmers, the targeted design of credit and tax policies can stimulate more entrepreneurial activities and optimize the allocation of human capital.