论文部分内容阅读
为了检测我国葡萄品种和砧木对中国生态型葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira viticola(Fitch)的抗性,在实验室条件下采用离体根接种法鉴定了10个葡萄砧木、18个葡萄栽培品种,测定了根瘤蚜存活率、发育历期、产卵量、种群龄期结构指数和成虫大小等指标。结果表明:砧木品种SO4,5BB,1103P,420A,Lot,101-14MG,3309C,140Ru和110R抗根瘤蚜,接种后蚜虫陆续死亡,尤其是SO4,5BB,1103P和420A对根瘤蚜高抗,使根瘤蚜滞育仅发育至1龄。我国当作砧木使用的贝达不抗根瘤蚜,接种后蚜虫存活率始终保持在38.82%~47.5%,日产卵量达9.01;欧美杂交种中的康克、康拜尔和卡它巴对根瘤蚜稍有抗性,根瘤蚜日产卵量在6.00~6.85粒之间,其中康克、康拜尔葡萄上蚜虫的存活率随时间的延长而明显降低,由最初的60%下降至25%~30%;欧美杂交种中的黑虎香和白香蕉虽然在一定程度上能够限制根瘤蚜的存活和发育进程,但对根瘤蚜的繁殖量没有影响。所有供试欧亚种和欧美杂交种的栽培品种都对根瘤蚜高度敏感,接种后第29d蚜虫存活率仍保持在40%~60%,且前后变化较小,日产卵量变化于7~12.35粒之间,总产卵量均在190粒以上。由此可见,我国供试栽培品种均不抗根瘤蚜,在根瘤蚜疫区需要用抗性砧木嫁接苗建园。
In order to test the resistance of grape varieties and rootstocks to Daktulosphaira viticola (Fitch) in China, 10 rootstocks and 18 grape cultivars were identified by in vitro root inoculation under laboratory conditions. Aphid survival rate, developmental duration, fecundity, population age structure index and adult size and other indicators. The results showed that aphids died after inoculation of SO4, 5BB, 1103P, 420A, Lot, 101-14MG, 3309C, 140Ru and 110R, especially SO4, 5BB, 1103P and 420A, Pachyrhizus aphid diapause only to the first instar. Beida, which is used as rootstock in our country, is not resistant to Phytophthora aphids. After inoculation, the survival rate of aphids remains at 38.82% -47.5% and the number of eggs laid per day reaches 9.01. Conk, Kang Baier and khatopa in European and American hybrids The phylloxera aphid was slightly resistant, and the number of ovipositional aphids larvae was 6.00-6.85. The survival rate of aphids on Conk and Kangbil grape decreased significantly from 60% to 25 % ~ 30%. Although the black tiger and white banana in the European and American hybrids can limit the survival and development of the phylloxera, to a certain extent, it has no effect on the reproduction of the phylloxera. All tested cultivars of Eurasian and European hybrids were highly susceptible to Phytophthora sojae, the survival rate of aphids remained at 40% ~ 60% at 29th day after inoculation, Between the 12.35 grains, the total amount of eggs laid were above 190 grains. Thus, our test cultivars are not resistant to phylloxera, phylloxera need to use resistant rootstock grafted seedlings Park.