目的:研究不同年龄段前列腺外周带基质细胞超微结构并探讨其意义。方法:透射电镜观察3例年轻组(23-、26-、32-岁)和3例老年组(56-、64-、71-岁)正常前列腺外周带和3例前列腺癌组织的超微结构。Masson’s Trichrome染色法观察前列腺外周带基质胶原的分布情况。结果:年轻组、老年组前列腺外周带间质均以平滑肌细胞分布为主,间杂成纤维细胞,但老年组平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞体积较大、形态不规则。与正常年轻组相比,老年组前列腺外周带成纤维细胞存在明显老化和肌化改变,部分细胞内与蛋白合成相关的细胞器粗面内质网发达,呈现肌成纤维细胞特征。与年轻组和老年组外周带相比,前列腺癌基质中功能更加活跃的肌成纤维细胞和胶原蛋白数量增加明显。Masson’s Trichrome染色支持超微观察到的基质胶原分布差异:年轻组<老年组<前列腺癌组。结论:不同年龄段前列腺外周带基质细胞超微结构间存在差异,老年组前列腺外周带和前列腺癌基质组织中具有活性的肌成纤维细胞的增加可能是造成老年前列腺癌高发和恶性进展的重要病理基础之一。 OBJECTIVE: To study the ultrastructure of stromal cells in the peripheral zone of prostate in different age groups and to explore its significance. Methods: The ultrastructure of normal prostatic peripheral band and 3 cases of prostate cancer in 3 young patients (23-, 26-, 32-) and 3 elderly patients (56-, 64-, 71-) were observed by transmission electron microscope . Masson’s Trichrome staining was used to observe the distribution of stromal collagen in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Results: In the young group and the elderly group, the interstitial stromal cells of the prostatic stroma were mostly smooth muscle cells with interstitial fibroblasts. However, the volume and shape of the smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the aged group were large. Compared with the normal young group, there were obvious aging and muscle changes in the prostatic peripheral band fibroblasts in the elderly group, and the intracellular organelle rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with protein synthesis in some cells was developed, showing the characteristics of myofibroblasts. The number of more active myofibroblasts and collagen in the prostate cancer stroma increased significantly compared with the peripheral zones in the young and old age groups. Masson’s Trichrome Staining Supports Differences in Matrigel Assisted Matrix Collagen Distribution: Young Group