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目的查清黄河三角洲的水源性高碘地区分布和居民食用盐现状以制定干预策略。方法采用横断面调查方法,每个被调查县的所有乡镇均按东、西、南、北、中五个不同方位抽取5个村,在每个村采集饮用水样2份进行水碘含量检测,并了解饮水源类型及水井深度。每个村随机采集5个户居民食用盐进行定性检测。结果调查8个县92个乡镇的451个村庄,检测水样800份、食盐800份。水碘含量均值为(110.93±152.26)μgL,中位数为55.83μgL(0.84～997.82μgL);96.5%为平原地区水源。井深平均(70.44±136.19)m,中位数12.0m(2.0～999.0m)。水碘>150μgL的高碘地区,分布于7个县的24个乡镇,受累人口102.39万人,碘盐覆盖率97.2%;其水碘含量为(327.72±192.19)μgL,中位数253.87μgL(150.78～997.82μgL)。浅层井水的高碘含量可能与黄河泛滥把从上游携带来的富碘泥沙的长期沉积有关,而深井水高碘成因除此之外还与三角洲的沉积及海底大陆架千万年来沉积的富碘海洋生物有关。结论黄河三角洲有24个高碘地区,碘盐覆盖率97.2%,既有浅井高碘水又有深井高碘水的独特现象。高碘地区应停止碘盐供应措施,开展健康教育和监测工作。
Objective To find out the distribution of water-based high-iodine in the Yellow River Delta and the status quo of household salt to formulate intervention strategies. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used. All villages and towns in each surveyed county sampled 5 villages in five orientations of East, West, South, North and Central, and collected 2 samples of drinking water in each village to test the water iodine content , And understand the source of drinking water and depth of wells. Each village randomly collected 5 households residents of salt for qualitative testing. Results 451 villages in 92 townships of 8 counties were investigated. 800 water samples and 800 salt samples were tested. Water iodine content (110.93 ± 152.26) μgL, the median was 55.83μgL (0.84 ~ 997.82μgL); 96.5% of plain water sources. The well depth averaged (70.44 ± 136.19) m, with a median of 12.0 m (2.0 to 999.0 m). Water iodine> 150μgL of high iodine area, distributed in 24 counties in 24 counties, involving 1023900 people, iodized salt coverage rate of 97.2%; its water iodine content (327.72 ± 192.19) μgL, median 253.87μgL 150.78 ~ 997.82μgL). The high iodine content of shallow well water may be related to the long-term sedimentation of the iodine-rich sediment carried by the Yellow River due to the Yellow River flooding. In addition, the deep-water high-iodine genesis is also related to the sedimentation of the delta and the deposition of the seabed continental shelf for thousands of years Iodine related marine life. Conclusion There are 24 high-iodine areas in the Yellow River Delta with a coverage of 97.2% iodized salt, which is unique to both high and low levels of iodized water in deep wells. High iodine areas should stop the supply of iodized salt, health education and monitoring.