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当形式操纵有助于贝叶斯推理时会有怎样的加工发生呢?一种观点认为自然取样的频率可以激发在其操作中具有相对特异性的特权表征系统。而与之相对的一种观点则认为,自然取样频率只是引发具有嵌套关系的更为普遍的加工的一种方式。比较两种观点,后者预示着只需要使用相当简要和直接的干预(如简单的指示)就能够促进推理的改善,而前者则意味着更为广泛的干预和/或更有洞见的理解才能改善推理。本研究表明,无论是短暂立即的干预,还是预存的表征偏向,抑或是表征的灵活性都不能促进被试的表现。另一方面,也有证据显示,频率论者的问题解释可以改善统计推理表现,而且有时还会增加其反应的信心。这些结果支持了特权表征系统观。
What happens when formal manipulation contributes to Bayesian inference? One view is that the frequency of natural sampling can motivate privileged characterization systems that are relatively specific in their operation. In contrast, one view is that natural sampling frequency is only one way of triggering the more general process of nesting. Comparing two perspectives, the latter predicts that the improvement in reasoning can only be facilitated by using rather simple and direct interventions (such as simple instructions), whereas the former implies broader intervention and / or insightful comprehension Improve reasoning. This study shows that neither transient intervention nor pre-existing characterization bias, or the flexibility of characterization, can promote the performance of subjects. On the other hand, there is also evidence that frequentist problem interpreting can improve the performance of statistical reasoning and sometimes increase confidence in its response. These results support the concept of privilege representation system.