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目的:研究妊娠期女性不同膳食蛋白质摄入结构对妊娠期的影响。方法:将在我院建立孕期健康档案、符合要求的妊娠期女性,根据其24~28周于本院营养门诊就诊时24 h回顾法记录的饮食情况,按照孕妇蛋白质和热量的摄入,根据标准分为正常热量和蛋白质组(A组)、正常热量低蛋白质组(B组)、正常热量高蛋白质组(C组)、高热量正常蛋白质组(D组)、高热量高蛋白质组(E组)、低热量低蛋白质组(F组)。分析6组孕妇妊娠期糖尿病患病率、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(BG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)以及血脂、跟骨骨密度等。结果:B、C、D和E组孕妇妊娠期糖尿病患病率、餐后1 h和餐后2 h血糖明显高于A组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。B、D和E组孕妇的三酰甘油、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显高于A组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。C、E和F组孕妇跟骨骨密度均较A组差(P<0.05)。结论:正常热量和蛋白质比例摄入是孕妇的科学饮食结构,不提倡妊娠期孕妇摄入过高的热量和蛋白质。
Objective: To study the effect of different dietary protein intake structure on gestational age in pregnant women. Methods: The pregnant women with healthy pregnancy records during pregnancy were enrolled in our hospital. According to the 24-h recipes reviewed by the 24-to-28-week nutrition clinics in our hospital, the intake of protein and calories in pregnant women was recorded. The standard was divided into normal calorie and proteome (group A), normal calorie low proteome (group B), normal calorie high proteome (group C), high calorie normal proteome (group D), high caloric high proteome Group), low-calorie low-protein group (group F). The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (BG), Hb A1c, blood lipid and calcaneus bone mineral density in 6 pregnant women were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, the postprandial 1 h postprandial blood glucose and the postprandial blood glucose at 2 h were significantly higher in group B, C, D and E than in group A (P <0.05). The triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of pregnant women in groups B, D and E were significantly higher than that of group A, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The calcaneal bone mineral density of pregnant women in groups C, E and F were worse than that in group A (P <0.05). Conclusion: The intake of normal calories and protein is the scientific dietary structure of pregnant women, and does not advocate excessive intake of calories and protein during pregnancy.