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目的探讨氟虫腈对小鼠的急性毒性及地西泮和苯巴比妥钠的治疗效果。方法分别以6个剂量的氟虫腈灌胃染毒,观察急性中毒后小鼠行为改变、重要脏器的病理形态学改变及死亡情况;应用免疫组织化学和显微图像技术检测中毒小鼠大脑谷氨酸及γ氨基丁酸(γGABA)阳性神经细胞的分布和含量。小鼠经氟虫腈(90mg/kg)灌胃0.5h后腹腔注射地西泮和苯巴比妥钠,观察并比较各治疗组小鼠的死亡时间和生存率。结果各剂量组小鼠均出现抽搐等中枢神经系统兴奋症状;电镜下可见大脑海马区神经元细胞核膜间隙轻度扩张,神经胶质细胞空泡化,神经纤维呈脱髓鞘样改变;与对照组相比,氟虫腈急性中毒小鼠大脑皮质的谷氨酸平均阳性细胞数目(N)和阳性细胞面积比(Aa%)明显增加,但皮质和海马CA1区GABA阳性细胞的N和Aa%与正常组比较无明显差异。地西泮、苯巴比妥钠治疗后小鼠生存率均为58%。结论氟虫腈急性中毒小鼠主要表现为中枢神经系统兴奋症状,造成中枢神经细胞的损害,免疫组织化学提示该改变可能与中枢神经系统谷氨酸递质过度表达有关;早期应用地西泮、苯巴比妥钠对氟虫腈急性中毒小鼠有较好的治疗效果。
Objective To investigate the acute toxicity of fipronil to mice and the therapeutic effect of diazepam and phenobarbital sodium. Methods Six doses of fipronil were intragastrically administrated to observe the behavioral changes of mice after acute poisoning. The pathological changes and death of vital organs were observed. Immunohistochemistry and microscopic images were used to detect the brain damage Distribution and content of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (γGABA) positive neurons. Mice were treated with fipronil (90mg / kg) for 0.5h after intragastric injection of diazepam and phenobarbital sodium. The death time and survival rate of mice in each treatment group were observed and compared. Results The mice in each dose group experienced convulsions and other central nervous system excitations. Electron microscopy showed slight dilatation of nuclear membrane nucleus in neurons of hippocampus, vacuolization of glial cells and demyelination of nerve fibers. Compared with control Compared with the control group, the mean number of positive glutamate cells (N) and positive cell area ratio (Aa%) increased significantly in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to fipronil, but the N and Aa% Compared with the normal group no significant difference. Diazepam, phenobarbital sodium treatment of mice survival rates were 58%. Conclusions Fipronil acutely poisoned mice mainly show excitatory symptoms of central nervous system, resulting in the damage of central nervous cells. Immunohistochemistry suggested that this change might be related to overexpression of glutamate neurotransmitter in central nervous system. Early application of diazepam, Phenobarbital Sodium has a good therapeutic effect on fipronil acute poisoning mice.