例1,男,14岁。自7岁开始反复咳嗽、喘鸣,曾诊为“支气管炎”,经抗炎,平喘治疗,症状迁延不愈。9岁开始发作性咳嗽、咯血、低热,疑为“肺结核”,抗痨治疗2年无效,今年起发作加频,呼吸困难,于1989年12月16日再次住院。体检:慢性病容,杵状指,轻度贫血貌、呼吸费力,口唇微绀 Example 1, male, 14 years old. Since the age of 7 began to cough, wheezing, has been diagnosed as “bronchitis”, the anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic treatment, symptoms delayed healing. 9-year-old onset of episodes of cough, hemoptysis, fever, suspected “tuberculosis”, anti-tuberculosis treatment 2 years ineffective, starting this year plus frequency, dyspnea, in December 16, 1989 again hospitalized. Physical examination: Chronic disease, clubbing, mild anemia appearance, breathing hard, lips cyanosis