历史主义者通常认为,历史处理个体而科学关注普遍事物。但在今天,很少有哲学家会赞同历史主义者在历史与科学之间划出的界线。公认的批评是,只有诉诸普遍事物,才能表达关于个体的知识。本文尝试通过对个体概念的分析来复原历史主义者的论点,这一分析较之传统的历史主义者在论述历史书写的性质时所给出的分析更接近原义也更为准确。在本文中,莱布尼茨的实体或单子概念被证明是十分有用的。 Historians generally believe that history deals with individuals and science with universal attention. But today, few philosophers will agree with the historicists’ distinction between history and science. The accepted criticism is that knowledge of individuals can only be expressed by resorting to generalizations. This article tries to reconcile the rhetoric of the historicists by analyzing the concept of individual. This analysis is more accurate than the original analysis given by the traditional historians when discussing the nature of historical writing. In this article, Leibniz’s entity or list concept proved to be very useful.