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目的探讨支气管肺发育不良(BPD)肺功能变化及临床意义。方法 BPD早产儿为观察组,胎龄、体重与观察组无差异、无心肺疾患的非BPD早产儿为对照组,分别进行肺功能检测,比较两组在2月龄和8月龄时潮气呼吸流速容量环形态及主要参数变化。结果 2月龄和8月龄时观察组与对照组比较,潮气流速容量环均变窄,呼气曲线升枝陡峭,呼气高峰提前,降枝呈近似直线或波谷样凹陷。观察组呼吸频率和潮气呼气峰流速增加,潮气量、呼气达峰时间和呼气达峰容积减少,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),剩余25%潮气量时呼气流速/呼气峰流速观察组低于对照组(P<0.01),潮气吸气和呼气中期流速两组差异无统计学意义。结论 BPD导致的婴幼儿肺功能损害主要表现为小气道阻塞性改变,潮气呼吸流速容量环可作为评价BPD婴儿肺功能损害的客观依据。
Objective To investigate the changes of pulmonary function in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its clinical significance. Methods The preterm infants with BPD were observed in the observation group. The non-BPD preterm infants with no gestational age and body weight were compared with those in the observation group. The non-BPD preterm infants without heart and lung disease were used as the control group. Pulmonary function tests were performed respectively. Twenty- Flow capacity of the ring shape and changes in the main parameters. Results At 2 months and 8 months of age, compared with the control group, the tidal volume of the flow velocity became narrower, the expiratory curve rose steeply, the expiratory peak was earlier, and the descending branch showed an approximate straight line or trough depression. In the observation group, the respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate increased, the tidal volume, peak expiration time and peak expiratory volume decreased, with statistical significance (all P <0.05). When the remaining 25% tidal volume expiratory flow rate / The peak expiratory flow rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the inspiratory and expiratory flow velocities. Conclusion Pulmonary dysfunction caused by BPD is mainly manifested as obstruction of small airway obstruction. The volume ring of tidal respiratory flow velocity can be used as an objective basis to evaluate pulmonary function impairment in infants with BPD.