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在南疆自然生态条件下,研究三种氮肥基追比(N1,基肥∶追肥=0∶10;N2,基肥∶追肥=2∶8;N3,基肥∶追肥=4∶6)对杂交棉兆丰1号和鲁棉研30号主茎功能叶光合生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,在总施氮量相同的条件下,随着氮肥追施比例的减少,主茎功能叶生理特性呈先增后减的趋势。进一步分析指标参数知,零基肥处理显著降低了叶面积指数(LAI)、主茎功能叶SPAD值、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,峰值出现日提前20 d,植株早衰;N3处理花铃后期SPAD值、NR活性与SP下降幅度大,分别下降了31.08%~32.04%、57.12%~74.55%和78.53%~80.79%,至吐絮期光合速率较最大值下降了66%左右,减少了光合产物向棉铃中转移量;兆丰1号和鲁棉研30号氮肥基追比均以2∶8处理条件下主茎功能叶各项参数最为协调,叶片叶绿素含量提高了5.04%~25.44%,改善了叶片光合性能,延长了叶片功能期,延缓了杂交棉中下部叶片衰老速度,增加单株成铃,提高铃重,皮棉产量达4 233.3 kg·hm-2以上。兆丰1号皮棉产量低于鲁棉研30号,除N1处理外N2,N3处理差异显著。
Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of three nitrogen-fixing ratios (N1, basal fertilizer: top dressing = 0:10; N2, basal fertilizer: top dressing = 2:8; N3, basal fertilizer: top dressing = Effects of Feng1 and Lu Mianyan30 on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Main Stem Leaves. The results showed that the physiological characteristics of functional leaves of main stem increased firstly and then decreased with the decrease of topdressing proportion of nitrogen fertilizer under the same total N application rate. Further analysis showed that the zero-base fertilizer treatment significantly reduced leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and soluble protein (SP) content of main stem leaf, 20 days before peak emergence, N3 decreased the SPAD value and the activity of NR decreased significantly from 31.08% to 32.04%, from 57.12% to 74.55% and from 78.53% to 80.79%, respectively. The photosynthetic rate decreased by 66% , The photosynthetic products reduced the amount of photosynthetic products transferred to the boll; Meifeng 1 and Lu Mianyan 30 nitrogen base chase than the ratio of 2 to 8 under the conditions of the main function parameters of the main stem leaf coordination, leaf chlorophyll content increased by 5.04 % ~ 25.44%, which improved the photosynthetic performance of leaves, prolonged the functional period of leaves, delayed the leaf senescence of middle and lower leaves of hybrid cotton, increased boll number per plant, increased the boll weight and lint yield more than 4 233.3 kg · hm-2. The production of lint cotton of Meifeng 1 was lower than that of Lumianyan 30, except that the treatment of N2 and N3 except N1 was significantly different.