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当今学校的课程与教学正在经历深刻的变革 :教师中心正逐步向学生中心转变 ;学校教学与实际生活的联系日益密切 ;教学更加重视理解与思维能力的培养 ,而不再单纯强调记忆、训练、实习。本文所提供的 1 2条学习原则彼此相互联系 ,可作为课程、教学设计的框架性原则。首先是教师设计教学环境的基础 ,主要涉及那些鼓励学生主动学习 ,与其他同学相互合作 ,充分利用真实可靠的教材 ,从事有意义的学习任务。随后分别侧重多项内在的认知因素与环境之间所具有的交互影响。最后 ,还论及发展性差异、个体差异以及激励对学习的促进作用。本研究为我们重新认识学习过程及相关学科知识的发展提供了新的思想
In today’s schools, curriculum and teaching are undergoing profound changes: the teacher center is gradually changing to a student center; the relationship between school teaching and real life is getting closer; the teaching emphasizes more on understanding and thinking skills rather than simply emphasizing memory, training, practice. The 12 learning principles provided in this paper are interrelated and serve as framework principles for curriculum and instructional design. The first is the basis for teachers to design a teaching environment, mainly involving those who encourage students to take the initiative to learn, mutual cooperation with other students, make full use of authentic teaching materials, to carry out meaningful learning tasks. Subsequently, they focus on the interaction between a number of internal cognitive factors and the environment. Finally, it addresses the issues of developmental differences, individual differences, and incentives for learning. This study provides new ideas for us to re-understand the learning process and the development of knowledge about related disciplines