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在原苏东国家进行学术访问归来之后,同事、朋友和学生问我最多的是“原苏东国家现在发展得怎么样”、“哪个国家最好”之类的问题。这些问题常常使我陷于沉思。原苏东国家大小、强弱差别很大,在社会发展的各个方面几乎各不相同,单用一个标准,仅从一个角度,只讲一个国家,都反映不出这个地区社会发展的全貌。经济发展的不同梯次原苏东国家虽然以私有制为基础的市场经济都已经确立起来,但发展和完善的程度并不相同,透过城市面貌、基础设施、交通工具、物价与民众生活状况、开放程度以及对比国际权威机构发布的某些经济发展指标,可以看出这一地区国家的经济发展的差别还是非常明显的。如果用2010年的人均国内生产总值(GDP)来划线的话,第一阶梯是斯洛文尼亚、捷克、斯洛伐克、立陶宛、克罗地亚、匈牙利、爱沙尼亚、波兰、拉脱维亚和俄罗斯,人均GDP分别为23008、18721、15906、14267、13627、13210、11607、11521、11172和10521美元。在这些国家中,除俄罗斯,其他国家的老城保存得都很完好,新城修建得整齐、漂亮和宽敞;公共交
After the academic visits in the former Soviet Union and the Soviet Union returned, colleagues, friends and students asked me the most about such problems as “what is the development of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe?” And “which country is the best”. These questions often make me meditated. The size, strength and weakness of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were very different. They varied widely in all aspects of social development. With only one standard, only speaking from one perspective can one country not reflect the overall picture of social development in this region. Different Era of Economic Development Although the market economy based on private ownership has been established in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the degree of development and improvement is not the same. Through the appearance of the city, infrastructure, transport, prices and living conditions of the public, As well as comparing certain economic development indicators released by international authorities, we can see that the differences in the economic development of the countries in this region are still quite obvious. The first step, if crossed by the 2010 per capita gross domestic product (GDP), is Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Croatia, Hungary, Estonia, Poland, Latvia and Russia with GDP per capita of 23008 and 18721 respectively, $ 15906,14267,13627,13210,11607,11521,11172 and $ 10521. In these countries, with the exception of Russia, the old cities of other countries are well-preserved, the city is neatly constructed, beautiful and spacious;