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目的掌握广东省结核病疫情现状,对2001—2010年广东省结核病防治规划实施成效进行总结和评价,同时为制定下一阶段结核病防治规划提供依据。方法采用分层整群等比例随机抽样的方法进行抽样;以可疑症状调查、X线胸片、痰涂片和结核分枝杆菌培养、药敏等为主要检查和诊断方法,采取问卷形式开展社会经济学调查和知晓率调查。结果 (1)全省活动性肺结核患病率为229.97/10万、涂阳肺结核患病率为39.75/10万,菌阳患病率为62.46/10万。(2)疫情特点为男性患病率高于女性(χ2=59.1,P<0.01);老年人群患病率高于非老年人群(2χ=89.3,P<0.01);农村高于城镇(2χ=19.0,P<0.01);经济欠发达地区高于经济发达地区(χ2=28.7,P<0.01);总耐药率达到22.0%。(3)活动性肺结核患病率较2000年和1990年分别下降36.8%和60.4%;涂阳肺结核患病率较2000年和1990年分别下降66.7%和71.7%。结论 (1)近10年来广东省结核病防治工作取得了突出成效,疫情继续呈现下降趋势,活动性肺结核患病率较1990年下降60.4%,涂阳肺结核患病率平均年递降率10.4%,提前实现了世界卫生组织提出的结核病控制阶段性目标,涂阳肺结核患病率平均年递降率接近世界水平;(2)广东省结核病疫情形势仍然严峻,仍面临着耐药结核病等诸多挑战。因此,应继续加强结核病的控制工作,特别是加强对欠发达地区的支持。
Objective To understand the current situation of tuberculosis in Guangdong Province and to summarize and evaluate the implementation results of tuberculosis prevention and control program in Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2010. At the same time, it provides the basis for formulating the tuberculosis prevention and control plan in the next stage. Methods A stratified cluster was used for sampling in equal proportion and random sampling method. Suspicious symptoms investigation, X-ray, sputum smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug sensitivity were used as the main methods of examination and diagnosis, and questionnaires were used to conduct social Economic survey and awareness survey. Results (1) The prevalence of active tuberculosis in the province was 229.97 / 100000, the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 39.75 / 100000, the prevalence of bacilli was 62.46 / 100000. (2) The prevalence of the epidemic was higher in males than in females (χ2 = 59.1, P <0.01). The prevalence of the elderly population was higher than that of the non-elderly population (2χ = 89.3, P <0.01) 19.0, P <0.01). The economically underdeveloped areas were higher than those in economically developed areas (χ2 = 28.7, P <0.01). The overall resistance rate reached 22.0%. (3) The prevalence of active tuberculosis decreased by 36.8% and 60.4% respectively from 2000 and 1990; the prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 66.7% and 71.7% respectively from 2000 and 1990. Conclusions (1) TB prevention and treatment work in Guangdong Province has achieved remarkable success in the recent 10 years. The epidemic situation continues to show a downward trend. The prevalence of active tuberculosis is 60.4% lower than that of 1990 and the average annual decline rate of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis is 10.4% The World Health Organization put forward the milestones for tuberculosis control. The average annual decline rate of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis is close to the world level. (2) The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Guangdong is still grim and still faces many challenges such as drug-resistant TB. Therefore, tuberculosis control should continue to be strengthened, especially for underdeveloped areas.