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以三颗非共轨的Walker星座卫星为研究对象,对航天器无需变轨与其接近的可能性进行研究.将Lambert方法得到的航天器轨道作为初始轨道,利用遗传算法对初始轨道进行优化.对初始轨道在参考时刻位置和速度的改变量进行编码,形成对应的种群.以航天器与星座卫星之间的最近距离为适应度函数,通过种群的繁殖得到优化结果.结合仿真算例,分析了最小二乘算法和遗传算法在轨道优化中的优劣以及接近过程中轨道摄动的影响.结果表明,遗传算法适用于所提出的轨道改进问题.研究结果可为单航天器无需变轨对星座多星接近问题提供理论依据.
Taking the three non-common-rail Walker constellation satellites as the research object, the possibility that the spacecraft does not need to orbit and approach is studied, and the orbit obtained by Lambert method is used as the initial orbit and the initial orbit is optimized by genetic algorithm. The initial orbit is encoded at the reference moment and the velocity is changed to form the corresponding population. The nearest distance between the spacecraft and constellation satellites is taken as fitness function, and the optimal result is obtained through population multiplication. Combined with the simulation example, The advantages and disadvantages of least-squares and genetic algorithms in orbit optimization and orbital perturbations in the approach process.The results show that the genetic algorithm is suitable for the proposed orbital improvement problem.The results of the study can be used for a single spacecraft without orbit change constellation Multi-satellite approach to provide a theoretical basis for the issue.