政府通过何种机制才能最有效地提供高质量的公共服务与产品,这是公共管理学与政治学界争论不休的一个核心话题。尤其近些年来,世界各国各级政府都面对前所未有的政治、经济、社会复杂条件的变化与挑战,这些挑战给公共管理者带来了两难处境:公众期望政府要做得更多与公众给政府的资源与支持更少之间形成鸿沟。于是合作治理在近几十年的公共领域治理实践中迅速成长(敬乂嘉,2009),再造了 The mechanisms by which the government can provide the highest quality public services and products most effectively are a central topic of contention among the public administration and political science communities. In recent years, in particular, the governments at all levels in the world have faced unprecedented changes in political, economic and social conditions and challenges that have posed a dilemma for public administrators: the public expects the government to do more with the public There is a gap between the government’s resources and less support. As a result, cooperative governance has grown rapidly in public domain governance practices in recent decades (JJ, 2009) and rebuilt