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土地改革是一场以社会资源再分配为基本内容的大规模政治运动。按照党的阶级划分标准,乡村社会成员大致可以分为三个阵营,即作为斗争对象的地主与富农,作为依靠力量的贫农与雇农,以及作为中间力量的中农。建国初期,湖南土地改革中,农村各阶层由于社会地位的改变,其心态表现不一。地主、富农从对抗走向合作,中农从观望走向积极参与,贫雇农则从激进走向理性。
Land reform is a large-scale political movement based on the redistribution of social resources as the basic content. According to the party’s standard of class division, the members of rural society can be broadly divided into three camps: the landlords and rich peasants who are the targets of struggle; the poor and wage-dependent peasants who depend on the forces; and the middle peasants who are the middle forces. In the early years of the founding of New China, in the land reform of Hunan, the social strata of rural people changed their attitude differently. The landlords and rich peasants moved from confrontation to cooperation. The middle peasants moved from wait-and-see to active participation while the poor peasant-farmers moved from radicalization to rationalization.