司马迁《报任安书》中有一句话是“外之又不能备行伍,攻城野战,有斩将搴旗之功”。对于“备”字,《汉书·司马迁传》的颜师古注,《文选》的李善注都没有加以解释。近人有的把“备行伍”解释为“备数於行伍之中”,大概就是充数的意思吧。我认为这样的解释於义未安。“备行伍”的备,应该解释为服,“备行伍”就是“服兵役”。试论于下。首先,备与服是同音通用的。(?)字甲骨文作(?),象矢在器中之形,后来演变成形声字,就是箙字,《周礼·司弓矢》:“中秋献矢箙”。郑玄注:“箙,盛矢器也”。箙亦作服,《诗·小雅·采薇》“象弭鱼服”。郑笺:“服,矢服也。”鱼服即毛公鼎铭文“簟(?)鱼(?)”之鱼(?),由此可知(?)和服是通用的,(?)和箙是古今字。(?)的本义是一种盛矢的工具,所以《说文·三卷下·用部》说:(?),具也。” (?)在经典中皆作备,而与服通用。《史记·赵世家》:“今猗射之备,近可以便上党之形,而远可以报中山之怨。”《战国策·赵策》中的这段 Sima Qian “newspaper Anyan book,” there is a sentence is “outside can not prepare troops, siege field battle, there will be cut banner flag of power.” For the “spare” words, the ancient notes of Yan Shi, “Han Sima Biography”, “Li Xuan” of “anthologies” are not explained. Some people recently put “preparedness” as “prepared in advance”, probably is the meaning of filling it. I think such explanation is unjust. “Preparedness” preparation, should be interpreted as service, “reserve” is “military service.” On the next. First of all, preparation and service are homonyms. (?) The word oracle bone (?), As the vector in the shape of the device, and later evolved into the sound of words, is the word, “Zhou Si Bow arrow”: “Mid-Autumn Festival. Zheng Xuan Note: ”箙, Sheng Ji also.“箙 also served as a service, ”Poetry Xiaoya plucking“ ”Like a fish suit.“ ()) Fish (?) ”Fish (?), Which shows that (?) Kimono is common, (?) And 箙 is ancient and modern word. (?) The original meaning is a powerful tool, therefore, “said the text of three volumes under the Ministry of” that: (?), With also. “(?) In the classic are prepared, and common use.” Shiji Zhao Shijia “:” Today's shot preparation, almost can be the party's form, and can be far reported to the complaints of Zhongshan. “ ”“ Warring Zhao policy ”in this period