膀胱癌是泌尿系外科的常见疾患,占泌尿系肿瘤的第一位。流行病学调查研究发现,职业危害因素是导致膀胱癌主要的发病因素,尤应引起重视并加以预防。职业性膀胱癌早已见于德国一家制造品化工厂,由于所用原料是苯胺,故误认为苯胺是致癌成分。后来经过大量的流行病学调查与动物实验,证实苯胺并不致癌,确定其为致癌因子实属冤枉。但发现染料中一些中间体如1—苯胺,2—苯胺及联苯胺才是导致膀胱癌的真正“凶手”。其后又发现用于塑料或橡胶工业作防苯剂的4—氨基联苯也是引起膀胱癌的“同案 Bladder cancer is a common urological disease, accounting for urinary tract tumors first. Epidemiological investigation and study found that occupational hazards are the main risk factors leading to bladder cancer, especially should pay attention and be prevented. Occupational bladder cancer has long been found in a German manufacturing chemical plant, because the raw materials used are aniline, it is mistaken that aniline is a carcinogen. Later, after a large number of epidemiological investigations and animal experiments, confirmed that aniline does not cause cancer, it is wrong to determine its carcinogenic factor. However, it was found that some intermediates such as 1-aniline, 2-aniline and benzidine in the dye were the real “killers” of bladder cancer. It was later discovered that the 4-aminobiphenyl used in the plastics or rubber industry as an anti-benzodiazepine was also the cause of bladder cancer