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2010年5月,美国国家自然科学基金会成功举行了一场为期两天的研讨会,讨论光伏制造业的现状以及研究所面临的挑战。本文概述了研讨会的主要结论和产出,集中阐明加速光伏制造所需要开展的科学研究。集中阐述了晶体硅、CdTe、CIGS以及薄膜氢化非晶硅和纳米晶硅等当前主流光伏制造技术的现状和机遇。同时也讨论了当关注TW级/年生产能力所需要的材料可获取性问题,特别讨论了DSC和OPV两类受元素丰度限制相对小的正在发展中的技术。最后,给出了研究投入的推荐建议,重点强调了有望具有横向影响力的领域。
In May 2010, the National Natural Science Foundation of the United States successfully held a two-day seminar to discuss the current status of photovoltaic manufacturing industry and the challenges facing the research institute. This article outlines the main conclusions and outputs of the workshop, highlighting the scientific research needed to accelerate PV manufacturing. The current status and opportunities of current mainstream photovoltaic manufacturing technologies such as crystalline silicon, CdTe, CIGS, and thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon and nanocrystalline silicon are summarized. The issue of material accessibility when focusing on TW-level / annual production capacity is also discussed, with particular attention being given to two evolving technologies, DSC and OPV, that are subject to relatively small elemental abundance constraints. Finally, recommendations for research inputs are given, with emphasis on areas that are expected to have horizontal impact.