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初中物理教科书中的插图具有简单明了、形象直观、开拓思维、增强记忆等特点。下面谈几种指导学生观察插图的方法,供参考。一、依照原理法．对于物理规律在工农业生产以及日常生活中的应用的插图,应按照原理叙述的顺序进行观察,防止出现顾此失彼的忙乱现象。例如,观察“电话”原理剖析图(初中物理第二册第224页),应按下列顺序进行观察:声源振动——周围空气振动——话筒振动膜振动——筒内碳粒松紧变化——话筒电阻变化——电路中电流随声源振动变化——变化电流在听筒的螺线管周围产生随声音而变化的磁场——磁场对听筒振动膜的吸引力随声音而变化——振动膜振动发声。
The illustrations in junior high school physics textbooks are simple and straightforward, visually intuitive, open-minded, and memory enhanced. Here are some ways to guide students to observe illustrations for reference. First, according to the principle of law. Illustrations of the application of the laws of physics in industrial and agricultural production and in daily life should be observed in the order in which the principles are described to prevent the occurrence of a hectic phenomenon. For example, to observe the “phone” principle profile (secondary physics, volume 2, page 224), the observation should be performed in the following order: sound source vibration - ambient air vibration - microphone diaphragm vibration - loosening of carbon particles in the cylinder - - Change in microphone resistance - The current in the circuit changes with the vibration of the source - The changing current produces a magnetic field that changes with the sound around the solenoid of the handset - The attraction of the magnetic field to the diaphragm of the handset varies with the sound - The diaphragm Vibration sounds.